HYDROPONIC

Hydroponics

Hydroponics (UK: hydroponic) is derived from the Greek words hydro meaning water and ponos means power. Hydroponics is also known as soilless culture or cultivation of plants without soil. So hydroponic cultivation which means using water and without the use of soil as a growing medium or soilless.
In the study of language, the word hydroponics comes from hydro meaning water and ponos meaning labor. So, has the sense of freely hydroponic farming techniques with an emphasis on meeting the nutritional requirements of the plant, or in terms of day-to-day farming without soil. From this definition it appears that the emergence of hydroponic farming techniques initiated by the higher human attention on the importance of the need fertilizer for plants.
Wherever the growth of crops will be able to grow well when nutrients needed is always fulfilled. In this context is a function of the soil to support plant and the water is nutrient solvent, to absorbed by plants. The mindset that eventually led to the hydroponic farming techniques, in which the emphasis was on the fulfillment of nutritional needs.

There are six systems in Hydroponic

• Aeroponic system
• Drip system
• NFT
• Ebb and flow system
• Water Culture System
• Wick System

A little explanation about the system above.

AEROPONIC

Perhaps of some hydroponic system most high-tech and may also provide best result and the fastest growth in Hydroponic gardening. This is possible because the nutrient solution is given or spray (mist form) directly to the root and more easily absorb the nutrient solution and also contains a lot of oxygen.

DRIPSYSTEM:

Drip hydroponic system is the system most widely used. Simple operating system, timer controls the pump. At the time of ignition, pump shed nutrients to each plant.

NFT (NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE)

This system is the system that most people know when they hear the name of hydroponics. The NFT system continuously flowing nutrient without using a timer to the pump. These nutrients flowing into the gully past the plant roots and then back into the water reservoir.

EBB & FLOW SYSTEM

Ebb & Flow system works by temporarily flooding the container growth with nutrients, and then restore the nutrients into the reservoir. This system requires a pump connected to a timer.

WATERCULTURE

Walter Culture is the most simple hydroponic system. Containers that hold plants are usually made of Styrofoam and floats directly on the nutrient. pump pumping air trough the water stone that makes the bubbles and provide oxygen to the roots of plants.

WICKSYSTEM

Wick system is one of the most simple hydroponic system. The system includes a passive, because no parts are moving. Nutrients flowing into the growth medium from the container using a similar axis.

 HYDROPONICS SYSTEM

Hydroponics is a technology for growing plants in nutrient solutions (water containing fertilizers) with or without the use of artificial media (sand, gravel, vermiculite, rockwool, perlite, Peatmoss, coir, or sawdust) to provide mechanical support.
The term hydroponics (hydroponics) is used to explain how to grow crops without the use of soil as a planting medium.

Hydroponic systems are grouped into two, namely the growing media culture and the cultural nutrient solution.In cultured planting media, plant cultivation performed using compact porous media as the place where plant roots grow. Planting medium used may be organic media, inorganic, or a mixture of both. Based on the method of administration of nutritional solutions, culture media can be divided into two groups, namely sub-irrigation (subsurface irrigation) and top irrigation (surface irrigation). Because irrigation is often applied to the top hydroponics system using a drIpper then the system is known as drip irrigation systems (drip irrigation systems). Sub-irrigation is divided into two, namely the passive sub-irrigation (irrigation system with the principle of capillary), and the ebb and flow (and flow irrigation system)
In the culture nutrient solution, does not use plant mediam planting or growing medium, so that the roots of plants grown in the nutrient or air solution nutrient.Culture divided into three major groups, namely the stagnan solution, recirculated nutrient solution, and aeroponics. Hydroponic systems are selected based on consideration of the type of plants to be cultivated, investment policy, workforce competencies, and climatic conditions. Some commonly used in hydroponic cultivation of commercial crops is irrigation drip system, ebb and flow system, passive hydroponics, floating hydroponics, nutrient movie technique, and aeroponics. In the present study the authors will focus the discussion on NFT system.

ADVANTAGE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

Hydroponic farming can be developed rapidly because this way has many advantages. The main advantages are the success of the plant to grow and produce more reliable. In addition, other advantages as follows:

• Treatment is more practical and more controlled pests
• The use of fertilizer is more efficient
• Plants that die more easily replaced with new plants
• Does not require a lot of manual labor due to more efficient working methods and standardizadion
• Plants can grow more rapidly and the harvest cleaner and not damaged
• Some types of plants can be cultivated in the off-season
• No risk of flooding, erotion, drought, or dependence on natural conditions
• hydroponics Plant can be work on land or limited space  such as roof, kitchen, or garage
• The hydroponic harvest gardening can be packed and stored in a fresh life for a longer time
• Full root system of the plants are always supervised
• No need to worry about watering
• Hydroponic system can be developed on imposible land that  such as the snowy ground and outer space.

· In hydroponic gardening in a greenhouse production does not use soil, weeds and pests thereby rarely found. So the use of pesticides and insecticides are not necessary
· A hydroponic garden can be set with a timer system to automatically fertilize plants
· Results of production due to receiving healthy balanced nutrition and controlled
· Stable, secure, and high yield
· Does not require soil
· The water remains in the system and can be reused, and thus the cost of water use is relatively low
· Allows to control the overall nutrition levels thus, relatively efficient nutrient use
· There is no nutrition pollution is released into the environment as controlled in the system
· Stable and has a high yield
· Pest and  disease more easily removed.

From the above it can be concluded that cultivation without soil gives mores advantage, especially for urban people who have a narrow area. This way of adding value to create the proper afforestation-place is no longer possible with the trees planted soil media.

HYDROPONICS SYSTEM DISADVANTAGE

• On a commercial scale applications requires technical knowledge and a good understanding of the principles.
• On a commercial scale, the initial investment is relatively high, although it will reap the results of which are also high in the medium and long term.
• Keep caution to the preparation of the formula (fertilizer) and plant health control.
• Requires constant water supply. Highly electricity dependent.

working principle of hydroponic system
Understanding of the working principles of hydroponics is definitely one of the success factors in implementing this culture system.
Here are 5 principles of hydroponics work need to  understood:
Preparation a clean place Cultivating area, no shade, and a transparent plastic roof of the greenhouse.
Where the cultivation is shadeless,receive direct sunlight from morning until evening is one of the important things that must be considered.
On the other hand, a closed transparent plastic roof of the building to avoid the rain soaked crops, the cultivation of buildings called lathhouse.
Installing drip irrigation method uses the force of gravity.
Provide a planting medium that is porous, sterile, lightweight, easy to obtain, and inexpensive. Type of planting medium that meets the above requirements is the husk. Media can be made at your own in a simple way.

Provide a nutrient solution containing 16 essential nutrients in perfect dose, concentration, composition, pH, and volume to the cultivated plants. Perform good maintenance, especially for trimming, installation and controling pest and disease.

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